What is riverdance
“Riverdance” is a theatrical show consisting primarily of traditional Irish music and dance. It originated as an interval performance act during the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Dublin, Ireland. The performance featured Irish dancing champions Jean Butler and Michael Flatley, and the music was composed by Bill Whelan. The short performance was so well received that it was expanded into a full-length stage show, which premiered in Dublin in 1995.
“Riverdance” combines traditional Irish step dancing, known for its rapid leg movements while the body and arms are kept largely stationary, with a variety of other dance forms, including flamenco, tap dancing, and ballet. Its music blends Irish traditional music with global influences, creating a powerful and dynamic soundtrack that has become iconic in its own right.
The show’s success has led to numerous international tours and productions, making “Riverdance” a global phenomenon. It has played a significant role in popularizing Irish culture and dance around the world, captivating audiences with its energy, precision, and creativity. Beyond its entertainment value, “Riverdance” has been influential in fostering a greater appreciation for folk dance and music, showcasing the richness and diversity of Irish cultural heritage.
What exactly are the ancient roots in irish folklore
The ancient roots of Irish folklore are deeply embedded in the country’s mythology, literature, and cultural practices, dating back thousands of years. These traditions reflect Ireland’s rich history, mythology, and the Celtic belief system before and after the arrival of Christianity.
Celtic Mythology and the Tuatha Dé Danann
A central element of ancient Irish folklore is its mythology, particularly stories involving the Tuatha Dé Danann, a mythical race of god-like beings who were said to possess supernatural powers and advanced knowledge. They are depicted in the Irish mythological cycles, which include the Mythological Cycle, the Ulster Cycle, the Fenian Cycle, and the Historical Cycle (or Cycles of the Kings).
Here’s a brief overview:
Druids and Ancient Celtic Religion
The Druids, who were priests, teachers, and judges, played a significant role in ancient Celtic religion. They were thought to possess profound knowledge of nature and the universe, which they believed was populated by numerous deities, spirits, and ancestors. The Druids conducted rituals in sacred groves and were revered for their wisdom and connection to the spiritual world.
Ogham
Ogham is an early medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language. It consists of various strokes and notches carved on stones, wood, or other materials. Ogham inscriptions are among the oldest forms of written Irish, reflecting a deep connection to the natural world and serving as a bridge between the ancient and early medieval Irish cultures.
Folk Practices and Beliefs
Irish folklore is rich in tales of fairies (the “Aos Sí”), leprechauns, banshees, and other supernatural beings, which reflect a belief in an enchanted world that exists parallel to our own. These stories were often passed down orally through generations and are deeply intertwined with the Irish landscape, with many tales associated with specific stones, trees, and bodies of water believed to hold magical properties.
Seasonal Festivals
The ancient Irish calendar was closely tied to the agricultural cycle and featured significant festivals that have survived into modern times, albeit often in Christianized forms. These include Imbolc (St. Brigid’s Day), Beltane (May Day), Lughnasadh (Lammas), and Samhain (Halloween). These festivals were crucial for marking the changing seasons and were celebrated with specific rituals and traditions to ensure prosperity and protect against supernatural forces.
Influence of Christianity
The arrival of Christianity in Ireland in the 5th century led to a blending of Christian and pagan traditions, with many ancient beliefs and practices being incorporated into Christian folklore and saints’ lives. This syncretism is evident in the widespread tradition of holy wells, the reverence for certain saints who are believed to possess ancient attributes, and the continued celebration of festivals like Samhain, now Halloween, and Imbolc, now St. Brigid’s Day.
The ancient roots of Irish folklore are foundational to the cultural identity of Ireland, representing a world where the natural and supernatural are intimately entwined, and where history, mythology, and legend seamlessly merge.
Here’s an illustration capturing the vibrant essence of a “Riverdance” performance. This scene reflects the dynamic fusion of traditional Irish music and dance with the theatrical spectacle that the show is renowned for.
Jean Butler, Michael Flatley, and Bill Whelan
Jean Butler, Michael Flatley, and Bill Whelan are key figures in the world of Irish dance and music, each contributing significantly to the global success of “Riverdance” and beyond.
Jean Butler
Jean Butler is an American-Irish dancer renowned for her role as the original female lead in “Riverdance.” Born in Mineola, New York, in 1971, Butler’s dance career began early, driven by her family’s Irish roots. She achieved considerable success in competitive Irish dance before transitioning to professional performances. Butler’s unique style blends traditional Irish dance with contemporary elements, contributing to the fresh and innovative appeal of “Riverdance.” Following her tenure with “Riverdance,” Butler has continued to work in dance, choreographing and performing in various productions and teaching. Her contributions to Irish dance are celebrated for their creativity, technical excellence, and the inspiration she has provided to dancers globally.
Michael Flatley
Michael Flatley, born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1958, is an Irish-American dancer and choreographer who rose to international fame as the original male lead in “Riverdance.” Known for his fast footwork and charismatic stage presence, Flatley helped popularize Irish dance worldwide. Before “Riverdance,” he had achieved significant success in competitive Irish dance, including winning numerous titles. After his departure from “Riverdance” in 1995, Flatley created and starred in “Lord of the Dance,” another globally successful Irish dance show, along with other productions like “Feet of Flames” and “Celtic Tiger.” Flatley’s shows have been known for their spectacle, storytelling, and his signature style of Irish dance, marked by its precision and energy.
Bill Whelan
Bill Whelan is an Irish composer and musician, born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1950. He composed the original score for “Riverdance,” including the piece performed during the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest that would become synonymous with the show. Whelan’s music for “Riverdance” expertly blends traditional Irish music with elements from other genres, creating a dynamic and emotionally resonant soundtrack that has played a significant role in the show’s success. Beyond “Riverdance,” Whelan has had a prolific career, composing for theatre, film, and orchestras, and has received numerous awards for his contributions to music and culture.
Together, Jean Butler, Michael Flatley, and Bill Whelan have left an indelible mark on the world of dance and music, bringing Irish culture to a global audience and inspiring countless performers and artists around the world.
The basic footwork of “Riverdance” and Irish step dancing
The basic footwork of “Riverdance” and Irish step dancing, in general, is characterized by its quick, precise movements and the distinctive style in which dancers keep their upper bodies still while their legs and feet perform rapid, intricate motions.
Description of some foundational steps often seen in “Riverdance“:
1. Reel Steps
- Reels are danced in 4/4 time and involve a light, quick sequence of steps. Dancers typically perform on the balls of their feet, and the basic step consists of three movements: hop, back, step. The rhythm is steady, and dancers alternate their feet, creating a lively pattern.
2. Jig Steps
- Light Jigs are performed in 6/8 time and feature a bouncing rhythm. The basic step includes a hop on one foot followed by two quick steps on the other foot (hop, step, step). This dance is known for its lively and buoyant feel.
- Heavy Jigs or Hard Shoes Jigs are also in 6/8 time but danced with hard shoes, creating a distinctive percussion sound. The basic step involves a similar pattern to the light jig but with a heavier emphasis on the downbeat, allowing for more intricate rhythms and sounds.
3. Hornpipe Steps
- Hornpipes are danced in either 2/4 or 4/4 time and have a distinctive, swinging rhythm, often likened to a sailor’s dance. The basic step combines a hop with a series of steps and slides, emphasizing the downbeat with hard shoes for a resonant sound.
4. Slip Jig Steps
- Slip Jigs are performed in 9/8 time, offering a more graceful, flowing movement. The basic step is similar to that of the light jig but with a longer sequence to fit the 9/8 rhythm, making it appear more balletic and fluid.
5. Treble Steps
- Performed in hard shoes, these steps involve a combination of tapping and stomping to create complex rhythms. The dancer uses the heel and toe to strike the floor, producing a variety of sounds and patterns.
6. Group Formations
- Beyond solo steps, “Riverdance” features intricate group formations and lines where dancers perform synchronized steps, creating visually stunning patterns and sequences. The coordination and timing of the group are essential, showcasing the unity and precision of the troupe.
Irish step dancing, particularly as seen in “Riverdance,” requires rigorous training to master the technique, timing, and stamina needed for these complex steps. The style’s hallmark is the remarkable precision and energy with which dancers execute these movements, creating a thrilling performance experience.
Here’s a series of sketches illustrating the basic foot steps of Irish dance as seen in “Riverdance.” These sketches focus on the precise and complex movements typical of the different styles within Irish dance, such as reel steps, jig steps, hornpipe steps, slip jig steps, and treble steps.
Arm movements
In traditional Irish step dancing, including the styles showcased in “Riverdance,” the use of arm movements is notably minimal compared to other dance forms. This distinct characteristic sets Irish dance apart, focusing the viewer’s attention on the precision and intricacy of the footwork. However, there are specific arm and upper body positions that are integral to the style:
Traditional Solo Dancing
- Upper Body Stillness: In solo performances, dancers traditionally keep their upper bodies very still and arms straight down at their sides. This practice is thought to have historical roots, possibly reflecting the confined spaces in which these dances were originally performed, such as in cottages or on small, makeshift stages.
- Hand Positioning: The hands are usually closed into fists or have the fingers held closely together, with the palms facing the body. This position helps maintain balance and emphasizes the rigidity and control required in the upper body while performing the rapid and complex leg and foot movements.
Group and Show Performances
- Synchronized Movements: In group performances or shows like “Riverdance,” arm movements become more pronounced, especially in ensemble pieces. Dancers may use their arms to form patterns, hold hands, or execute movements in unison, adding a visual element that complements the footwork.
- Dramatic Gestures: “Riverdance” and similar productions occasionally incorporate more dramatic and expressive upper body movements as part of the choreography, diverging from traditional solo step dance norms. These can include raised arms, clapping, and movements that interact with other dancers, contributing to the storytelling aspect of the performance.
Contemporary Adaptations
- Creative Freedom: Modern interpretations and choreographies of Irish dance sometimes integrate more liberal arm and upper body movements, allowing for creative expression that extends beyond the traditional form. Dancers may incorporate elements from other dance styles, using their arms to add to the visual spectacle and emotional expression of the performance.
Despite these variations, the primary focus of Irish step dancing remains on the lower body, with the discipline, strength, and agility of the dancer’s legs and feet being the central aspect. In productions like “Riverdance,” while there might be more creative liberty taken with arm movements, the homage to traditional techniques and the emphasis on footwork continue to define the essence of the dance.
River feets
A song that captures the movement of the river, and the movements of the feets in an accelerating cascade that splashes out in the sea
In the cradle of mountains, where whispers birth streams,
A river commences, as do dancers’ dreams.
With a murmur that grows, in the light of dawn’s grace,
Their feet start to stir, in an eager embrace.
From the trickle to torrent, the river it flows,
As the dancers step lightly, on tiptoe, it shows.
Each movement, a ripple, that swells to a wave,
In harmony, they leap, with the rhythm they crave.
The water cascades, through the valley it winds,
Mimicking dancers, with their intricate binds.
A symphony of steps, in swift, flowing spree,
Mirrors the river’s rush to the embrace of the sea.
In a crescendo of motion, the river finds pace,
As dancers’ feet flurry, in their spirited chase.
The current grows wild, with a force unrestrained,
Matching the dancers, with energy unfeigned.
And as the river meets sea, in a fervent display,
The dancers’ feet splash, in a similar array.
A dance that marries the earth, sky, and sea,
A celebration of life, of joy, and of glee.
So let the river flow, and the dancers dance on,
From the break of the dawn to the last light of dawn.
For in their union, a beauty untold,
A story of freedom, of spirit, bold.
An image that captures the spirit of Irish dancing, featuring the elegance and energy of Jean Butler and Michael Flatley, with a nod to Bill Whelan’s musical genius that underpins their performance.
Traditional Irish music instruments
Traditional Irish music is known for its distinctive instruments, which contribute to the unique sound and feel of the genre. When considering the musical backdrop of a performance like “Riverdance” or traditional Irish music in general, you’ll likely encounter the following instruments:
1. Tin Whistle (Penny Whistle)
A small, simple woodwind instrument, the tin whistle is known for its high, clear sound. It’s incredibly versatile and used widely in Irish folk music for melodies and ornamentation.
2. Fiddle
The Irish fiddle is essentially a violin but played in a style unique to Irish music. It’s central to Irish music, offering a range of emotions from mournful tones to lively reels.
3. Uilleann Pipes
A complex and sophisticated version of bagpipes, uilleann pipes are a distinctive feature of Irish music. They are played with a bellows under the arm, producing a wide range of notes and a very expressive sound.
4. Bodhrán
This traditional Irish drum is played with a wooden stick (called a tipper or beater) and provides the rhythm and heartbeat of much Irish music. Its deep, resonant tones are a staple of the traditional ensemble.
5. Button Accordion
The button accordion has found a solid place in Irish music, offering both melody and accompaniment. Its vibrant sound can drive a tune or add depth to an ensemble.
6. Concertina
Similar to the accordion but smaller and hexagonal in shape, the concertina’s crisp and lively sound is favored for both melody and harmony in Irish music.
7. Harp
The harp has a long history in Ireland and is even depicted on the country’s coat of arms. Though less common in fast-paced dance music, it’s revered for its delicate, ethereal sound, especially in slow airs and ballads.
8. Banjo
The four-string tenor banjo, adopted from American folk music, has become a prominent instrument in Irish music, especially for fast, rhythmic tunes like reels and jigs.
9. Flute
The traditional wooden flute holds a cherished place in Irish music, with a warm, natural sound that complements both slow airs and rapid dance tunes.
These instruments, either played solo or as part of an ensemble, create the rich tapestry of sound that characterizes Irish music. In productions like “Riverdance,” these traditional sounds are often blended with modern orchestration, showcasing the timeless appeal and adaptability of Irish musical heritage.
Sketch featuring traditional Irish musical instruments, each playing a vital role in the captivating soundscapes of performances like “Riverdance.” These instruments reflect the rich musical heritage of Ireland.
Resources
For those interested in delving deeper into Irish folk music and dance, the internet offers a treasure trove of resources that cater to various aspects of this rich cultural heritage. Here are some valuable references and platforms to explore:
- Irish American Mom provides insights into the themes prevalent in Irish folk music, such as the sea, the supernatural, historical events, and more, highlighting how these songs offer a glimpse into Irish life and history.
- Irish Centre discusses the vital instruments in Irish folk music like the tin whistle, bodhrán, fiddle, and bouzouki, emphasizing their unique sounds and roles within the genre. It also touches upon the characteristics that make Irish folk music captivating, such as ornamentation and storytelling through lyrics.
- Ireland.com offers information on traditional Irish dance, beyond the well-known Riverdance, giving a broader perspective on the dance forms rooted in Irish culture.
- Moments Log elaborates on the significance of Irish reels in folk music, focusing on their unique feature, “lift,” which provides a rhythmic ebb and flow to the music, enhancing its appeal and cultural value.
- The Irish Traditional Music Archive (ITMA) i a dedicated platform offering free access to a vast collection of Irish music, song, and dance materials, aiming to preserve this tradition for future generations.
- Britannica outlines the evolution of Irish traditional musical forms and instruments, such as the Irish harp, uilleann pipes, fiddle, and accordion. It mentions key institutions and revival movements that have helped sustain traditional Irish music, along with its influence on global music scenes.
These resources serve as a starting point for anyone looking to explore the depths of Irish folk music and dance, providing access to historical contexts, instrument profiles, and the overall cultural significance of these art forms.